The 3D-PAWS Manual provides guidance for building, deploying, and operating 3D-Printed Automatic Weather Stations using modular hardware and open-source electronics.
3D-PAWS station showing a typical configuration with core meteorological instruments and modular components
Overview
3D-PAWS is an open, modular weather and environmental monitoring system that helps make reliable observations more accessible.
It combines 3D-printed parts, open-source electronics, and cloud-based data tools to create weather stations that are affordable and flexible for:
national meteorological services
research networks
community monitoring programs
educational projects
A typical 3D-PAWS station can measure:
air temperature, pressure, and humidity
wind speed and direction
precipitation
water level and flooding
air quality
soil moisture and temperature
Because the system is modular, stations can be customized with additional sensors to match local monitoring needs.
Role in Observation Networks
3D-PAWS is designed to complement, not replace, traditional weather observing systems.
It is especially useful for expanding observation networks in places where conventional stations are difficult or expensive to install.
Used alongside existing networks, 3D-PAWS can help with:
better coverage across larger areas
monitoring in remote or underserved regions
data to support forecasting and modeling
environmental monitoring for research and decision-making
Even though the system is designed to be low-cost and flexible, it emphasizes good site selection, proper sensor exposure, and clear metadata documentation to improve data quality.
Some measurements differ from traditional reference standards. For example, wind sensors are usually installed about 2 m above ground level, rather than the 10 m height used in many operational networks.
Using This Manual
This manual follows the full lifecycle of a 3D-PAWS station, from preparation and assembly to deployment and operation.
