3D-Printed Automatic Weather Station (3D-PAWS)

The 3D-PAWS Manual provides guidance for building, deploying, and operating 3D-Printed Automatic Weather Stations using modular hardware and open-source electronics.

3D-PAWS station showing a typical configuration with core meteorological instruments and modular components

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Overview

3D-PAWS is an open, modular weather and environmental monitoring system that helps make reliable observations more accessible.

It combines 3D-printed parts, open-source electronics, and cloud-based data tools to create weather stations that are affordable and flexible for:

• national meteorological services

• research networks

• community monitoring programs

• educational projects

A typical 3D-PAWS station can measure:

• air temperature, pressure, and humidity

• wind speed and direction

• precipitation

• water level and flooding

• air quality

• soil moisture and temperature

Because the system is modular, stations can be customized with additional sensors to match local monitoring needs.

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Role in Observation Networks

3D-PAWS is designed to complement, not replace, traditional weather observing systems.

It is especially useful for expanding observation networks in places where conventional stations are difficult or expensive to install.

Used alongside existing networks, 3D-PAWS can help with:

• better coverage across larger areas

• monitoring in remote or underserved regions

• data to support forecasting and modeling

• environmental monitoring for research and decision-making

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Observing Practices and Standards

3D-PAWS follows widely accepted meteorological practices, including guidance from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Guide to Instruments and Methods of Observation (WMO-No. 8).

Even though the system is designed to be low-cost and flexible, it emphasizes good site selection, proper sensor exposure, and clear metadata documentation to improve data quality.

Some measurements differ from traditional reference standards. For example, wind sensors are usually installed about 2 m above ground level, rather than the 10 m height used in many operational networks.

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Using This Manual

This manual follows the full lifecycle of a 3D-PAWS station, from preparation and assembly to deployment and operation.

Use the left-hand navigation menu to get started.

Main sections include:

• Getting Started – overview and preparation

• Building 3D-PAWS – assembling the station

• Setting Up the Data Logger – configuring hardware and communications

• Deploying 3D-PAWS – choosing a site and installing the station

• Accessing Data – retrieving and viewing observations

• Maintenance and Troubleshooting – keeping the station running smoothly

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Applications

3D-PAWS stations are used for many types of projects, including:

• community weather monitoring

• flood and storm surge monitoring

• agricultural and soil monitoring

• environmental research

• education and training

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Additional Resources

You can find additional documentation and support materials in the Other 3D-PAWS Resources section, including:

• instrument datasheets

• 3D printer maintenance guidance

• training materials

• earlier versions of the manual

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Where to Begin

If you are new to 3D-PAWS, start with: Getting Started