# Cables and Connector Systems

### Overview

3D-PAWS stations use standardized cables and connectors to link sensors, data loggers, and power systems. Understanding these connections is essential for successful assembly, troubleshooting, and maintenance.

Detailed wiring diagrams are provided in the data logger-specific sections of this manual.

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### Common Connector Types

| Type   | Use Case             | Key Features            |
| ------ | -------------------- | ----------------------- |
| Grove  | I2C / Analog sensors | 4-pin plug-and-play     |
| Dupont | Flexible wiring      | Male/female pin headers |

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### Connector Terminology

#### Male vs Female

* **Male**: Exposed pins
* **Female**: Socket holes

Must match correctly to avoid damage or loose connections.

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#### Signal Types

* **Analog**: Continuous voltage signal (requires correct pin mapping)
* **Digital (I2C)**: Bus communication allowing multiple sensors (requires correct wiring and addressing)

> Most 3D-PAWS sensors use Grove (I2C or analog) connections, which simplify wiring and reduce errors.

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### Cable Management

Proper cable routing improves reliability:

* secure cables to prevent movement or strain
* avoid sharp bends or tension
* keep cables away from moving parts
* protect connections from moisture
* use zip ties or printed cable clips

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### Common Mistakes

| ❌ Problem               | ✅ Fix                        |
| ----------------------- | ---------------------------- |
| Wrong pins              | Double-check pinouts         |
| Reversed power/ground   | Verify red/black wires       |
| Loose connections       | Ensure secure crimps         |
| Incompatible connectors | Match male/female connectors |
| Poor cable routing      | Use clips or zip ties        |

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### Best Practices

* verify connections before powering on
* label cables when possible
* use consistent wiring practices
* double-check sensor pinouts
* test I2C addresses before final assembly

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### Wiring Diagrams by Platform

Detailed wiring diagrams are available in the data logger-specific pages:

* [**Particle Data Logger**](https://3dpaws.comet.ucar.edu/building-3d-paws/setting-up-the-data-logger/particle-iot)
* [**Adafruit Feather Data Logger**](https://3dpaws.comet.ucar.edu/building-3d-paws/setting-up-the-data-logger/adafruit-feather-m0)
* [**Arduino MKR Data Logger**](https://3dpaws.comet.ucar.edu/building-3d-paws/setting-up-the-data-logger/arduino-mkr)

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### Additional Resources

* individual sensor documentation
* data logger pinout reference sheets
* Particle IoT documentation